Business Operations depend on Information Systems.

There is an important difference between data and information.

Data becomes information when it is useful to a decisionmaker.

Information Systems include

• Data Systems that manage and process data,

• Devices and Interfaces used to deliver the data as Information and

• Humans that use this information to make decisions and carry on the work

Enterprise Information Systems carefully meaure many operational efficiencies but are blind to the value that human workers contribute.

Humans often prop up inefficient software...